i am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

five score years ago, a great american, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the emancipation proclamation. this momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. it came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

but one hundred years later, the negro still is not free. one hundred years later, the life of the negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. one hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. one hundred years later, the negro is still languished in the corners of american society and finds himself an exile in his own land. and so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

i say to you today, my friends. and so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, i still have a dream. it is a dream deeply rooted in the american dream. i have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

i have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. i have a dream that one day even the state of mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

i have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. i have a dream today!

i have a dream that one day, down in alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. i have a dream today!

i have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."? this is our hope.

    and so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of new hampshire.

    let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of new york.

    let freedom ring from the heightening alleghenies of pennsylvania.

    let freedom ring from the snow-capped rockies of colorado.

    let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of california.

    but not only that:

    let freedom ring from stone mountain of georgia.

    let freedom ring from lookout mountain of tennessee.

    let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of mississippi.

from every mountainside, let freedom ring. and when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of god's children, black men and white men, jews and gentiles, protestants and catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old negro spiritual: free at last! free at last! thank god almighty, we are free at last!