一、用于驳性和比较性论文

　　1. in general, i don’t agree with

　　2. in my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water.

　　3. the chief reason why… is that…

　　4.there is no true that…

　　5. it is not true that…

　　6. it can be easily denied than…

　　7. we have no reason to believe that…

　　8. what is more serious is that…

　　9. but it is pity that…

　　10. besides, we should not neglect that…

　　11. but the problem is not so simple. therefore…

　　12. others may find this to be true, but i believer that…

　　13. perhaps i was question why…

　　14. there is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

　　15. though we are in basic agreement with…,but

　　16. what seems to be the trouble is…

　　17. yet differences will be found, that’s why i feel that…

　　18. it would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

　　19. there is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

　　20. what these people fail to consider is that…

　　21. it is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

　　22. wonderful as a is , however, it has its own disadvantages too.

　　23. the advantages of b are much greater than a.

　　24. a’s advantage sounds ridiculous when b’s advantages are taken into consideration.

　　二、用于描写图表和数据

　　1. it has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.

　　2. there is an increase of 20% in total this year.

　　3. it has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.

　　4. it would be expected to increase 5 times.

　　5. the table shows a three times increase over that of last year.

　　6. it was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.

　　7. the total number was lowered by 10%.

　　8. it rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year.

　　9. compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.

　　10. the number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.

　　11. it has decreased almost two and half times, compared with…

　　三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文

　　1.everybody knows that…

　　2.it can be easily proved that…

　　3. it is true that…

　　4. no one can deny that

　　5. one thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…

　　6. the chief reason is that…

　　7. we must recognize that…

　　8. there is on doubt that…

　　9. i am of the opinion that…

　　10. this can be expressed as follows;

　　11. to take …for an example…

　　12. we have reason to believe that

　　13. now that we know that…

　　14. among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…

　　15. the change in …largely results from the fact that

　　16. there are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally…

　　17. a number of factors could account for the development in…

　　18. perhaps the primary reason is…

　　19. it is chiefly responsible of…

　　20. the reasons for…are complicated, and probably they are found in the fact…

　　21. here are several possible reasons, excerpt that…

　　22. somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that…

　　23. it is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon…

　　24. different people observes it in different ways.

　　四、用于文章的开头

　　1. as the proverb says…

　　2. it goes without saying tan…

　　3. generally speaking…

　　4. it is quite clear than because…

　　5. it is often said that …

　　6. many people often ask such question:“…？”

　　7. more and more people have come to realize…

　　8. there is no doubt that…

　　9. some people believe that…

　　10. these days we are often told that, but is this really the case?

　　11. one great man said that…

　　12. recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.

　　13. in the past several years there has been…

　　14. now it is commonly held that… but i doubt whether…

　　15. currently there is a widespread concern that…

　　16. now people in growing number are coming to realize that…

　　17. there is a general discussion today about the issue of …

　　18. faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.