夏令营英语学习：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。

2013新东方酷学酷玩夏令营英语学习：

　非谓语动词

　　1.定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。

　　2.动词不定式：to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化)

　　○1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

　　○2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

　　○3 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主语：to learn a foreign language is not easy . = it's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　b. 作表语：the most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　c. 作宾语：

　　a. 动词+to do . he decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 动词+疑问词+to do i don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do i find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　d. 作补语：

　　a. 动词+宾语+to do tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 he often saw tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　e. 作状语：

　　a. 表示目的：he went to guangzhou to see his sons . he got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示结果：he is too tired to walk any farther . they aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：he is sorry to hear that . i am glad to see you .

　　f.作定语： i have something to tell you . i want to buy something to eat .

　　○5 动词不定式to 的省略：

　　a. 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。

　　i often saw him go out of the room .-------- he was often seen to go out of the room by me .

　　b.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。

　　○6 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有时也可以用-never + to do 结构。

　　3.动名词：动词原形+ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。

　　○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

　　○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)children enjoy watching animated cartoon . i don't remember having ever seen the film .

　　○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing) i regret not being able to help you .

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主语：

　　a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。learning english is very important .--- it's very important to learn english .

　　b. no + 动名词表示"禁止"。no smoking, no parking .

　　b. 作宾语：he finished doing his homework .

　　c. 作表语：his favourite sport is playing basketball .

　　d. 作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名词的用途、功能等)

　　e. 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。do you mind my / wei fang's opening the window ?

　　4.分词：动词原形+ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)

　　现在分词

　　○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

　　○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状

　　态之前就发生)

　　○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing) no understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence .

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作表语。the result is surprising .

　　b. 作定语。developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)

　　c. 作状语。passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .

　　d. 作宾补。i found him lying on the grass.

　　过去分词

　　○1 形式：规则动词+ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。

　　○2 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。

　　○3 用法：

　　a. 作表语：my bike is broken . he is very worried .

　　b. 作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken english .

　　c. 作状语：asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = when he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .

　　d. 作宾补：you had better have your shoes mended . i had my hair cut yesterday .