广州新东方酷学酷玩夏令营　非谓语动词

　　1.定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。

　　2.动词不定式：to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化)

　　○1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)

　　○2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

　　○3 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主语：to learn a foreign language is not easy . = it's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　b. 作表语：the most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　c. 作宾语：

　　a. 动词+to do . he decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 动词+疑问词+to do i don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do i find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　d. 作补语：

　　a. 动词+宾语+to do tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 he often saw tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　e. 作状语：

　　a. 表示目的：he went to guangzhou to see his sons . he got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示结果：he is too tired to walk any farther . they aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：he is sorry to hear that . i am glad to see you .

　　f.作定语： i have something to tell you . i want to buy something to eat .