武汉新东方夏令营为你介绍在英语学习中的常用语法—定语从句。

武汉新东方夏令营提示，定语从句是整个高中阶段语法学习的重点,是高考测试的热点,尤其非限制性定语从句更是命题的重中之重。研究近几年的高考试题,其考查形式仍以单项填空、短文改错为主,完形填空、阅读理解中的长句理解为辅。为帮助学生突破定语从句,本文将针对高考考点一一进行分析。
　　 考点一:关系代词与关系副词的选择和运用。
　　 1) do you still remember the days_____
　　we spent the summer holidays in qingdao?
　　 do you still remember the days _______
　　we spent in qingdao?
　　 2) is this the factory _________ your father worked last year?
　　 is this the factory _________your father visited last year?
　　 3)do you know the reason _________ he was late ?
　　 do you know the reason _________ he explained for being late ?
　　 答案与解析:
　　 1) when。which / that / 不填。第一句话中先行词the day 在从句中作时间状语,第二句话中先行词the day 在从句中作spent 的宾语。
　　 2) where。which / that / 不填。第一句话中work为不及物动词,先行词the factory 在从句中作地点状语,第二句话中先行词the factory 在从句中作visited的宾语。
　　 3) why。which / that / 不填。第一句话中定语从句为主系表结构且成份完整,先行词the reason 在从句中作原因状语,第二句话中先行词the reason在从句中作explained 的宾语。
　　 归纳与点拨:
　　 通过对比练习,我们可以总结选择关系词的步骤:
　　 1. 找准先行词。
　　 2. 分析从句成份,看是否缺主语、宾语或状语等,从而确定选择关系代词还是关系副词。缺定语用whose。
　　 巩固练习:
　　 4)yesterday she sold her car, _______ she bought a month ago. (08浙江)
　　 a. whenb. wherec. that d. which
　　 5) a person _________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (09 天津)
　　 a. whob. whomc. whose d. whoever
　　 6) all the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. (08安徽)
　　 a. whyb. wherec. which d. that
　　 7) —what do you think of teaching, bob?
　　 — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job _________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (09 北京)
　　 a. whereb. which c. when d. that
　　 8)it’s helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see themselves differently. (09福建)
　　 a. thatb. when c. which d. where
　　 9) later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(08江西)
　　 a. whereb. whenc. whod. which
　　 10) because of the financial crisis, days are gone_________local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏)
　　 a. if b. when c. whichd. since
　　 答案与解析:
　　 4) d 。 非限制性定语从句用which。
　　 5) c。 先行词在从句中作定语用whose。
　　 6)-9)bada 。先行词在从句中作地点状语。第9题中先行词为cases,这是一个分隔式的定语从句。
　　 10) b。先行词为days,在从句中作时间状语,此句也是分隔式的定语从句。

 考点二:介词 + 关系代词的准确选择和运用。
　　 11) he is the man ________i can turn for help.
　　 he is the man________i can depend.
　　 he is the man________i talked just now.
　　 12) that’s the year ________ he joined the club.
　　 that’s the day ________ he joined the club.
　　 13) they live in a house, the door of which opens to the south. (句型转换)
　　 they live in a house, _________opens to the south.
　　 they live in a house, _________opens to the south.
　　 14) there are 60 students in the classroom, most of whom have been to beijing. (句型转换)
　　 there are 60 students in the classroom, _________have been to beijing.
　　 there are 60 students in the classroom. _________have been to beijing.
　　 答案与解析:
　　 11) to whom; on whom; with / to / about whom; turn to sb. for help转向某人寻求帮助 depend on sb. 依靠某人,信赖某人 talk with sb. 跟某人谈话 talk to sb. 向某人讲话talk about sb. 谈论某人。
 12) in which; on which; in the year在那一年on the day 在那一天。
　　 13) of which the door; whose door此句中of表示所属关系,可以和whose 引导的定语从句进行转换。
　　 14) of whom most; most of whom。此句中介词of表示整体中的部份,句型转换第二句中要注意标点符号。
　　 归纳与点拨:
　　 1. 先行词为人,介词后的关系代词用whom,先行词为物,介词后的关系代词用which。
　　 2. 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配选择介词,或根据先行词的搭配选择介词。
　　 3. 介词of可表示所属关系,和whose 引导的定语从句进行转换, the + n. of which / whom = whose + n.介词of也可表示整体中的部份,通常结构为代词 / 数词 + of whom / which。
　　 4.做题时要注意标点符号是句点还是逗点,判断是否为定语从句。
　　 巩固练习:
　　 15) she brought with her three friends, none of _________i had ever met before. (09全国)
　　 a. them b. who c. whom d. these 16) gun control is a subject_________ americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西)
　　 a. of whichb. with which
　　 c. about whichd. into which
　　 17) the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _________ are beyond our control. (08湖南)
　　 a. most of them b. most of which
　　 c. most of whatd. most of that
　　 18) for many cities in the world, there’s no room to spread out further,_________new york is an example. (08四川)
　　 a. for which b. in which
　　 c. of whichd. from which
　　 考点三:定语从句与强调句、其它从句或结构的区分辨别,这样既考查句式结构的辨析能力,又考查关系词与其它连接词的区分运用能力。
　　 19) it was along the mississippi river _________mark twain spent much of his childhood.(08天津)
　　a. howb. which c. thatd. where
　　 20) — where did you get to know her?
　　 — it was on the farm _________we worked. (07山东)
　　 a. that b. there c. which d. where
　　 21) the fact has worried many scientists_________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (09江西)
　　 a. what b. which c. that d. though
　　 22) animals suffered at the hands of man _________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. (08江西)
　　 a. in whichb. for which
　　 c. so that d. in that
　　 23) it is thought that one billion people in the world, _________ is half the world’s workers, earn their living by farming.
　　 a. if b. thatc. whichd. what
　　 24) the largest collection ever found in england was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, ________ over 600 years old.
　　 a. all of themb. all of which
　　 c. all of itd. none of which
　　 点 拨:
　　 1. 判断是否为定语从句,关键是理解句意,分析两句话的关系。
　　 2. 要注意句子结构,是完整句子还是独立主格。
　　 考点四:错题警示
　　 25) those who has finished the work may go home. _________
　　 anyone who break the law will be punished. _________
　　 he is one of the teachers who knows french in our school._________
　　 he is the only one of the teachers who know french in our school. _________
　　 26) children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth._________
　　is this the book you bought it yesterday?
　　_________
　　 点 拨:
　　 1. 关系代词作主语,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应根据先行词来确定。
　　 2. 要保证从句成分的完整,又要避免从句成分的重复,关系词所指代的先行词不能在从句中再次出现。
　　 答案与解析:
　　 15) c。of 表示整体中的部分。
　　 16) c。argue about sth.
　　 17) b。
　　 18) c 。of 表示整体中的部分。
　　 19) c 。此句为强调句,省去it was …that成分仍完整。
　　 20)d 。此句意思是:在我们工作过的农场我认识她的。后面省略了that i got to know her。如果填that, 句意则为:我们在那家农场工作,答非所问。
　　 21) c。同位语从句,解释the fact的内容。
　　 22) d。 前后两句话是因果关系,in that意思为for the reason that, because。
　　 23) b。 that is意思为“即,也就是”,用于解释,补充说明十亿人也就是世界劳动人口的一半。
　　 24) a。此句为独立主格结构,如果原句over前有谓语were则可以选择b。
　　 25) has — havebreak — breaksknows — knowknow — knows
　　 26) eat前加who或将eat改为eating;去掉it。