一、 段落及文章的主题句 he studied english hard in the university for the test on sunday. 他在大学里，为了考试星期日努力学习英语。注解：从句可以看出，英国人在表达句子的时候，把最重要的放在前头。而中国人却将不重要的修饰成分放在前面。了解两个民族思维习惯的不同正是我们做好阅读理解及写好英文的关键所在。英国人写一个句子如此，在写一个段落时也是如此。

1. 主题句通常在段首（绝大部分文章）

2. 如果有转折词，如but,however等，中心思想通常在这些连词的后面。注解：在一段中出现but, however,so等连词一定要看这些连词之后，否则不但抓不到中心，反而会被误导。如下段中心不是说海浪的美丽，而是说海浪所造成的损害。 waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near the shore. what causes waves? most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface of the water. the sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the windows to blow. the winds blow across the sea ,pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.

二、 英语文章的结构我们从英文句子表达扩展到段落的表达，可以看出英国人的思维方式总是把最重要的东西——中心放在前面，在写一篇文章时，英国人也是如此。第一句点明文章主题，然后举例说明，最后明年表达作者的观点。这是典型的英国人的思维方式，了解这一点对考好试、写好文章非常重要。我cheng2之为“三步曲”

① the convenience and economy of small cars accounts for ( 说明 ------原因 )their popularity.

② they are easy to park quickly and take smaller parking spaces. small cars also a means of conserving ( 保存，节约 )energy because they use less gas than big cars. they are also more economical to operate and maintain, and they cost less. because of these advangages,

③ the next car i buy is going to be small one. ① 该篇文章的中心——小型汽车好（ 文章第一句 ）。 ② 具体说明下型汽车好在什么地方（文章中部） ③ 文章结论（即作者观点）（文章尾部）“我要再买车就买小型车”。注解：以上两篇文章虽然短小，但“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”， 从中能够学到英国人写文章的“三步曲”——顺着这个思路阅读“又快又准”，迎合他们的“口味”写文章，必是地道的英国式的文章。

阅读理解可能测试的要点 1. 文章的中心思想——第一句。 2. 作者的观点或文章结论——最后一句。 3. 文章中具体细节（查细节）。 4. 对错选择。 5. 指出代词所代替的意思。 6. 解释词义。三、 阅读理解应试技巧 1. 先抓文章主题句——了解文章中心思想。（只读主题句不读文章） 2. 作者的观点或文章结论——最后一句。 3. 文章中具体细节（查细节）。 4. 对错选择。 5. 指出代词所代替的意思。 6. 解释词义。四、 阅读理解应试技巧 1． 先抓文章主题句——了解文章中心思想。（只读主题句不读文章）要想“又快又准”地考好阅读理解，抓住文章中心是关键。因为一篇文章总是要围绕“中心”转。请看下面的文章。 modern sun worshippers people travel for a lot of reasons. some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines! others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. but most european tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. 注解：一般来说，文章的题目就是文章的“眼”——中心思想。很多考试却删去文章的题目，让学生自己给文章选题目（中心）。

此文章的题目就让人“莫名其妙”——modern sun worshippers 《现代太阳崇拜者》， 我们只能到文章中找中心。中心在第一段的第一句，如有“but, however, so”, 先读这些连词之后，这样做题“又快又准”，又能避开大量生词， 省出更多时间去写作。我们可以不读全段，只读“but”后面。在but most european tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on, “但是，大多数欧洲旅游者只是找一个阳光明媚的海滩躺一躺。” 该句便是文章的中心，那么全文应围着太阳、天气与欧洲 “太阳”，即气候不好转。因此，文章无须再读，只要直接度问题便可全部答出。

 ⑴ the writer seems to imply that europeans travel mostly for the reason that _____ a. they want to see historic remains or religious spots. b. they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs. c. they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites. d. they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home. 注解：只要扫一眼a b c d,只有d中有“cold,dark and rainy days 与天气、太阳有关，d就是正确答案。

⑵ in paragraph 2,cities like london, copenhangen, and amsterdam are mentioned_______ a. to slow that they are not good cities in tems of geography and climate. b. to tell us how wealthy their residents are. c. to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty. d. to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle. 注解：问题是“为什么文章中提到伦敦等城市”，自燃是欧洲这些城市气候与地理位置不好。答案是a。

 ⑶ according to the passage, which of the following might spoil the touriists’ fun at mediterranean resorts and beaches? a. polluted water. b. crowded buses. c. traffic jams d. rainy weather. 注解：问题是“上面哪一个因素破坏了旅游这的兴趣？”自然还是天气不好，没太阳。选d就是。后面的大段文章根本没有再读的必要，这样就能省下大量的时间。 总结综上所述，可以看出文章可以不读，中心一定要抓住——中心一般在第一段的第一句，如有“but, however, so”, 先读这些词之后内容。这样做题 “又快又准”，又能避开大量生词。省出更多时间去写作。

 3. 读问题---确定问题类别。 不是抓住中心就能解决所有的问题。在抓住文章中心思想之后，应直接读问题确认问题的种类，即前面提到的6种类别，具体问题，具体对待。 threre is an old saying in english : “laughter is the best medicine.”untill recently, few people took the saying very seriously. now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it can improve people’s health. 注解：该文章作者并没有直接点出主题，而是通过引用一句谚语指出文章的中心。 “笑是最好的药。”引用名言谚语点出主题的方式，我们应该好好学习。至今在我批改的考卷中从未见过中国学生写作文时，巧妙地引用英国谚语。以后如果然让我看到，无论文章“好坏”，先给他（她）一个高分！

⑴ we learn from the first paragraph that laughter a. is good for one’s heath. b. is relate to some illness. c. has beeninvestigate long since. d. has no effect on the body. 注解：问第一段的主题句，也是文章中心。此题应选a。

 ⑵ doctors have found that laughter a. keeps down blood pressure. b. has similar effects to physical exercise. c. decreases the heart rate. d. increases stress. 注解：这是属于考查细节（抓住题干中的关键词，到课文中去快速寻找相同单词和短语），读一下句子便能做出正确答案，有时找出“长得像的”就行——即“重复”。 tests were carried out to the effects of laughter on the body. people watched funny films, while doctors checked their haert rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. it was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. it increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. if laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.

(3)which of the following statements is not true of laughter, according to the passage? a. it reduces pain b. it exercises the body. c. it impaoves the body’s immune system. d. it can cure cancer. 注解：该题属于对错选择，这种问题通常可以通过直接读问题推出来，万不得已，再到文章里去找，上面明显d“笑能治癌症”不是真的。

（4）in a laughter clinic,doctors a. laugh at their patients. b. encourage their patient to laugh. b. smile when they don’t feel like laughing. d. never stop laughing. 注解：又是“查细节”，只要找in a laughter clinic 答案便出来了。 other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. in one experiment doctors programs. the group, which tolerated the pain for the longest time, was the group, which listened to funny program. the reason why laghter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins(内啡肽)in the brain. these are natural chemicals that diminish both stress and pain. there is also some evidence to sugget that laughter helps the body’s immune system, that is the system which fights infection. in an experiment, one group of students wached a funny video while another group served as the first group. doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their whole blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection. as a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists(精神病学家)年他和u尼特大states now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients’ conditions by encouraging them to laugh. they have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, maaking them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.

(5)the writer’s attitude towards laughter is a. critical b. doubtful c. positive d. negative 注解：该题属于提问作者观点，其实我们已经知道作者态度，如果不敢确定，只要看文章最后一句话，就足够了。 总结文章很长，生词又很多，但只要我们按照英国人的思维习惯，抓住“中心”，查找几个点，明确作者“态度”，全文几乎不读也能全对。

五、 阅读理解答题示范

 1. 现抓文章主题句╠╠－了解文章中心思想。（只读主题句不读文章）

 2. 读问题╠╠确定问题类别。 （a） shanghai:cars rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. business people, foriegners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry. (1) the words “deluxe sedans, minivans” and “station wagons” used in the taxt refer to______ a. cars in the making b. car rental firms c. cars for rent d. car makers 注解：该题属于解释词意，应到课文中去找到该词。但考题已给出中文的“出租”，中心必是出租汽车，只要围绕着中心转，错不了。（2）which of the following staments is true according to the text? a. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday. b. 70% of the customers are white-collar employees. c. more firms are open for service during holiday seasons. d. some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons. 注解：该题属对错问题，通常我们根据常识直接判断，由于该题有具体数字，须到文章中查。题干中没有可利用的关键词，答案中数字就变成我们的唯一线索，我们从段落中找出70％和100％两个数字，通过阅读，我们得出结论，100％是正确的。考试时应特别注意，凡是考卷中出现的具体数字，通常都没有“陷阱”，不可直接引用。 (b) the first car rental firm opened in shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11500 cars in their books. the largest player—shanghai bashi tourism car rental center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans,station wagons,coaches,santana sedans are the big favorite. firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month.this figure shoots up during holiday seasons like national day,labor day and near’s day,with some recording 100 percent rental.

(3)shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to ________. a. better cars supplied by producers b. fast service offered by car rental firms c. the increasing number of white-collar employees d. people’s growing interest in traveling during holidays . 注解：该题属于查细节，只要找到出处，题就好解。 the major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees,who can afford the service ,said zhuang yu,marketing of shanghai angel car rental co. (c) many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment （环境）friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. one result is that millions of glass,paper ,plastic,and mental containers are produced,and these are difficult to get rid of. (4)it becomes clear from thetext that the driving force(动力) behind green products is ___________ a． public caring for the environment b． companies desire for bigger sales c． new ways of doing business d． rapid growth of supermarkets 注解；我们从文章第一句读到，该文章谈的是污染和环境。

 (5)what would be the best title for the text? a. business and people b. business goes green c. shopping habits are changing d. supermarkets and green products 注解；该题属于问文章中心思想，我们知道该文讲的是环保问题，所以我们很容易确定，b是正确的。 however ,today,more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment .before they buy a product ,they ask questions like these:”will this shampoo damage the environment?””can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?” a recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it.this means that compaines must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”,that is ,friendly to the environment.

(6)the underlined word “it” in the fourth paragraph refers to ________. a.a selling point b. the company name c. a great demand for health foods d. the manufacturing of green products 注解：该题属于指出代词所替代的名词，找到it，上面便是它所代替的名词。 only a few years ago,it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets,but now there are hundreds .some supermarket products carry labels 标签）to show that the product is green.some companies have made the manufacturing （生产）of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. the concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink they do business.no longer will the public accept the old attitude of “buy it,use it,throw it away,and forget it.”the public pressure is on ,and gradually business is cleaning up its act.

重要提示如何才能做好阅读理解

 1. 抓住文章的中心，就成功了一半。

2. 抓住中心后，不必读全文，直接读问题，并将问题分类，具体问题具体对待。了解老师常用的留种提问方式。

 3. 提问中心思想----读第一句（状语从句读主句）或读but,however后面，——“。。。。。。”

 4. 提问作者观点（态度）——读文章结尾，（状语从句读主句）或读but ,however ,so后面,-------“。。。。。。“

 5. 提问细节——从题干中确认关键词或词组（可以多找几个），然后在课文中找到出处，注意but,however”……”,答案便出来了。 6. 不要被生词吓住，可以从上下文中推出该词的含义。只要你能掌握上述方法，一篇文章只需读几个点。这样自然可避开大量生词，提高了阅读速度。再好的方法也只是别人的理论，将其转化为自己的思想需大量的练习，但这种练习应该是在正确理论下进行。也就是我们常说的用“心“练